gh-145142: Make str.maketrans safe under free-threading

Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_str.py

@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ def reader_func():
         for reader in readers:
             reader.join()
 
+    def test_maketrans_dict_concurrent_modification(self):
+        for _ in range(5):
+            d = {2000: 'a'}
+
+            def work(dct):
+                for i in range(100):
+                    str.maketrans(dct)
+                    dct[2000 + i] = chr(i % 16)
+                    dct.pop(2000 + i, None)
+
+            threading_helper.run_concurrently(
+                work,
+                nthreads=5,
+                args=(d,),
+            )
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-02-23-23-18-28.gh-issue-145142.T-XbVe.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix a crash in the free-threaded build when the dictionary argument to
+:meth:`str.maketrans` is concurrently modified.

Objects/unicodeobject.c

@@ -13084,6 +13084,51 @@
 must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
+static int
+unicode_maketrans_from_dict(PyObject *x, PyObject *newdict)
+{
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    int res;
+
+    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(x);
+    while (PyDict_Next(x, &i, &key, &value)) {
+        if (PyUnicode_Check(key)) {
+            PyObject *newkey;
+            int kind;
+            const void *data;
+            if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(key) != 1) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string keys in translate "
+                                "table must be of length 1");
+                goto error;
+            }
+            kind = PyUnicode_KIND(key);
+            data = PyUnicode_DATA(key);
+            newkey = PyLong_FromLong(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, 0));
+            if (!newkey)
+                goto error;
+            res = PyDict_SetItem(newdict, newkey, value);
+            Py_DECREF(newkey);
+            if(res < 0)
+                goto error;
+        }
+        else if (PyLong_Check(key)) {
+            if (PyDict_SetItem(newdict, key, value) < 0)
+                goto error;
+        }
+        else {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "keys in translate table must "
+                            "be strings or integers");
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return 0;
+  error:
+    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+    return -1;
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 unicode_maketrans_impl(PyObject *x, PyObject *y, PyObject *z)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=a925c89452bd5881 input=7bfbf529a293c6c5]*/
@@ -13145,44 +13190,15 @@
             }
         }
     } else {
-        int kind;
-        const void *data;
-
         /* x must be a dict */
         if (!PyAnyDict_CheckExact(x)) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "if you give only one argument "
                             "to maketrans it must be a dict");
             goto err;
         }
         /* copy entries into the new dict, converting string keys to int keys */
-        while (PyDict_Next(x, &i, &key, &value)) {
-            if (PyUnicode_Check(key)) {
-                /* convert string keys to integer keys */
-                PyObject *newkey;
-                if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(key) != 1) {
-                    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "string keys in translate "
-                                    "table must be of length 1");
-                    goto err;
-                }
-                kind = PyUnicode_KIND(key);
-                data = PyUnicode_DATA(key);
-                newkey = PyLong_FromLong(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, 0));
-                if (!newkey)
-                    goto err;
-                res = PyDict_SetItem(new, newkey, value);
-                Py_DECREF(newkey);
-                if (res < 0)
-                    goto err;
-            } else if (PyLong_Check(key)) {
-                /* just keep integer keys */
-                if (PyDict_SetItem(new, key, value) < 0)
-                    goto err;
-            } else {
-                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "keys in translate table must "
-                                "be strings or integers");
-                goto err;
-            }
-        }
+        if(unicode_maketrans_from_dict(x, new) < 0)
+            goto err;
     }
     return new;
   err: